Issues related to the safety of endogenous high voltage have also been addressed in the literature. Recent experiments confirm that a two-minute exposure to a peak electric field of 100 kV/m with a pulse duration of 1 ns “does not exert an immediate harmful effect on the cardiovascular system…”.

It has also been confirmed that “non-thermal biohazards appear unlikely in the ultra-high frequency range,” with the main mechanism of physical energy loss being ionic conduction and dielectric relaxation.